What to see in Ukraine if you come here for the first time? For one visit it is impossible to see all the sights of Ukraine. And this is good because there will be an occasion to come here more than once. Authentic culture, beautiful temples and cathedrals, centuries-old ancient castles and fortresses, amazing nature and warm climate. You can fall in love with Ukraine at first sight.
What to see in Ukraine first
Not to waste extra time searching for places that you should definitely go to during your trip around the country will be easy if you carefully look at our list. Guides in Ukraine to Russian-speaking travelers are unlikely to be needed, but it is imperative to plan the sequence of inspection of memos!
1. Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (Kiev)
One of the most important shrines of Orthodoxy, which has been preserved almost in its original form since the 11th century, is rightfully considered the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra - the first monastery in Russia and a symbol of faith. Majestic temples flaunt over the powerful waters of the Dnieper, on its picturesque slopes, shining with golden domes. Mysterious paved paths lead to them, and below, in the dungeon, meandering in the narrow labyrinth of corridors, mysterious caves are located, where the main treasure of the laurel is located - the holy imperishable relics of the righteous.
In the list of "Sights of Ukraine," Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra takes the first place, being the most visited shrine by tourists and pilgrims from around the world. Over the thousand years of its existence, the laurel suffered many disasters: earthquakes, the invasion of the Mongol Tatars, fires and wars, but after each shock and destruction suffered, it revived.
Getting into the territory of this unique complex, you forget about the worldly bustle, get away from everyday problems. You are enveloped in calm and mystery. People come here to see with their own eyes the saints resting in the caves, and, having attached themselves to the relics, to become stronger in the faith.
Official website: https://lavra.ua/
2. Independence Square (Kiev)
Independence Square, called by the Ukrainians "Maidan", is the main square of the capital. This is an object that tourists and city visitors must visit. They like to wander around the fountains, take pictures next to the majestic monument and just take a walk. Several main streets of Kyiv adjoin the Maidan: Khreshchatyk, Institutskaya, Sofiyskaya, Mikhailovskaya.
The square changed its name several times: in the 19th century, there was a wasteland with ruins of defensive structures at its location, then the first name was Khreshchatinskaya, after - Duma Square, and only in the year Ukraine gained independence (1991) it got its current name.
Despite the loud “metropolis”, drowning in greenery Kyiv is loved for its warmth and comfort. Wondering what to visit in Ukraine, do not hesitate to come to Kyiv! There is an incredible amount of unique in its beauty and historical value places where Independence Square is one of the main attractions of the capital. In 2004 and 2014, the square became the center of protest rallies and revolutionary events in Ukraine.
3. Deribasovskaya street (Odessa)
Odessa is a southern pearl, a hospitable city that has a soul. Saturated with a salty spray of the Black Sea and subtle Odesa humor, the city amazes with its cordiality and endless charm. Travel companies offer any tours around the country, but you should definitely visit southern Palmyra.
There is definitely something to see here: the magnificent Opera House, many historical monuments, gloomy catacombs, small streets and cozy courtyards of the old city. But there is something special in Odessa - Deribasovskaya Street, sung in poetry and songs, a kind of visiting card of the city. There is no noisy transport, you can safely walk along the pedestrian bridge, paved with paving stones, and plunge headlong into the indescribable atmosphere of the great city. On Deribasovskaya there are many cafes, restaurants, summer areas, it is just soaked through with Odessa flavor. The city garden, a monument to Utesov, street musicians and artists, and next to the chic Passage store, which is an architectural monument of the 19th century, attracts the eyes of strolling city guests. Here I want to smile just like that, for no reason, to breathe deeply,
4. Khotyn fortress (Chernivtsi region, Khotyn city)
Sights of Ukraine are located in every corner of this unique country. Khotyn Fortress is one of the most spectacular places where any tourist should definitely visit. This is a real monument to the great history of Russia, which is already a little over 1000 years old.
Initially, the structure was a small fortress built by Slavs from wood. Its function was to protect the local people from invaders. When the Mongol-Tatar yoke conquered Russia, the role of this fort increased greatly, he guarded the most important crossing on the Dniester River from the raids of nomad robbers.
Later, the first small stone fortress was built here. Over time, it was expanded and rebuilt after destruction by nomads. Until the 19th century, battles took place at this place. It took on Khotyn fortress and the assault of Russian troops. M. Lomonosov even wrote about this in his ode. However, later the fort lost its military status. The settlement received its own emblem, inside the church was rebuilt in honor of Alexander Nevsky. At the moment, the fortress is a museum. Inside there is a monument to the hetman Pyotr Sagaidachny, 5 towers, churches, a princely palace, barracks, an entrance to the dungeon, the ruins of a mosque and military school. In Khotyn, many famous films were shot, for example, Three Musketeers. Khotyn Fortress is a wonderful place with a special atmosphere where history comes to life.
Official website: http://khotynska-fortecya.cv.ua
5. Hagia Sophia (Kiev)
If you do not know what to visit in Ukraine, then be sure to visit the Hagia Sophia, built on the orders of Yaroslav the Wise in the XI century. Initially, the construction consisted of 13 domes, over time another 6 were added. The temple was often destroyed due to attacks by robbers-invaders, survived the onslaught of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, the Batu detachment completely demolished and plundered the cathedral.
By the beginning of the 15th century, the building was severely destroyed; services for the townspeople ceased. Metropolitan Peter decided to call the Italian architect to restore the cathedral in the 17th century. The construction has now become pear-shaped, stucco molding adorns the walls, icons and frescoes have been restored inside.
Now Hagia Sophia is included in the UNESCO list (World Heritage List), services are held only on the great Christian holidays, the rest of the time the temple is open for tourists. The building is very beautiful and unique. One of the domes of the cathedral recalls Jesus, the rest - about the apostles and evangelists who preached Christ. In the temple, a mosaic adorning the central dome and arches has been preserved since the 11th century. Scenes from the Bible are reflected not only in the mosaic but also in frescoes. In total, there are more than 100 graves on the territory of the cathedral, including Yaroslav the Wise and his family.
Official website: https://st-sophia.org.ua/
Watch the beautiful places of Ukraine in this wonderful video!
6. Tunnel of love (Klevan city, Rivne region)
Many tourists wonder: what to see in Ukraine? There are many beautiful places in this country, one of them is the Tunnel of Love. This place is considered one of the most beautiful places on Earth . This attraction is especially popular among romantics and honeymooners who come here to make a wish, and photographers who receive a lot of high-quality and interesting pictures. There is a tunnel in the forest near the city of Klevan in the Rivne region. It is easy to get to it by train. The Tunnel of Love is a 1 km stretch of forest. Rails are laid inside, along which a real factory train runs. He maintains this place in this state by breaking off overgrown tree branches.
It is best to watch the tunnel in late spring, summer and early autumn because all this time there is a lot of foliage on the trees, which gives a special romance and mystery through the play of light and shadows. However, it is beautiful here even after a good snowfall - time seems to stop, and life around it freezes. But beware of a train that could ruin such a wonderful moment, rushing through the tunnel.
Not far from this place is a medieval castle, shrouded in legends and myths, so the Tunnel of Love is one of the most romantic places in Europe for lovers.
7. Svyatogorsk Assumption Lavra (Svyatogorsk, Donetsk region)
On a majestic mountain, surrounded by chalk cliffs on the banks of the beautiful Seversky Donets River, as a vision of bygone times, the shrine of Eastern Ukraine - Svyatogorsk Assumption Lavra is buried in greenery. From the top of the cliff offers amazing views. But the monastery itself, which includes an ensemble of several churches and a cave monastery complex, rises from the bright waters of the Donets to the very top of the holy mountain. Majestic as an eagle's nest, it was chosen as hermits for its home.
Since ancient times, the banks of the river have been ringing the sound of the bell, broadcasting about peace and prosperity. The Lavra includes many interesting monuments of architecture and art. Few sights of Ukraine can be compared with the Svyatogorsk shrine in its grandeur.
The history of the monastery is rooted in antiquity. Back in the VIII century, fleeing persecution and moving to the northern Black Sea coast, the inhabitants of Greek monasteries founded the first cave settlements on the banks of the Seversky Donets River. The cave monastery on Svyatogorsk rock enjoyed special respect from the people and their sincere love. People revered the monastery for the severity of monastic life, the sanctity of the brothers who lived here and their asceticism. Currently, many tourists and pilgrims come to this place, unique in its amazing beauty and strength.
Official website: http://svlavra.church.ua
8. The old castle of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Kamyanets-Podilsky, Khmelnytskyi region)
Kamenetz-Podolsky makes the most pleasant impression: a small, twined with greenery, clean and incredibly bright town. Having been here once, you will definitely want to come again. Residents of the city have a reverent and careful attitude to their relics, therefore, a unique place has been preserved almost in its original form - the Old Town, where the medieval monument of architecture of the Kamenetz-Podolsky Fortress is located. If you want to know what to see in Ukraine, visit this place, incredible in its energy and beauty.
At the exit of the old city, a magnificent view of the Old Castle of Kamyanets-Podilsky opens. Having passed through the bridge over the canyon, you fall into its territory and as if plunged into the Middle Ages. The harsh appearance, powerful walls with masonry, defensive structures, stone-earthen bastion fortifications, castle towers are literally mesmerizing.
The history of the Old Fortress began in the XII century. Already in those days, it reliably defended the city, and in the XV century, after the capture of the Poles, it was the most important defensive point of the Commonwealth. Until the 19th century, the city was conquered in turn by Turks, Poles, the Russian Empire, and when it had ceased to have its former military significance, it became a museum-reserve and one of the most visited Ukrainian attractions.
9. Schönborn Castle (Transcarpathian region)
The hunting estate is a country residence of the Counts of Schönborn, located in Transcarpathia in the tract Beregvar near the village of Chinadievo near Mukachevo. This is one of the best-preserved palaces in Ukraine. Today it is called the sanatorium "Carpathians". The unique structure fascinates visitors with its unsurpassed beauty and grandeur. A huge park, the cleanest Carpathian air, tranquility, and pacification - that is what attracts a lot of tourists to visit this cute corner and stay there longer.
To see the unique architectural structures, it is not necessary to go abroad. Local guides will offer you an excellent and inexpensive vacation in Transcarpathia with a visit to ancient palaces, crystal clear lakes and powerful waterfalls. Schönborn Castle will make you feel like an Austrian aristocrat. Despite the fact that it has the appearance of a medieval building, it is considered quite young. At the beginning of the 19th century, the building was a small wooden hunting lodge; later, in its place, by order of the count, the best architects designed and built a huge stone palace. Well-preserved sights of Ukraine, located in the parking area, remain attractive to tourists.
Official Website: http://sankarpaty.com/glavnaya
10. Khortytsia Island (Zaporizhia)
If we consider the sights of Ukraine, we can not forget about the largest island of the state - Khortytsya, 12 km long and about 2.5 km wide. Back in the days of the Scythians, various tribes enjoyed natural protection and elected it for their settlements. There is still a pagan sanctuary on the island. According to legend, it was here that the Kyiv prince Svyatoslav died in a battle with the Pechenegs.
But the most famous island was made by Ukrainian Cossacks. According to some reports, they set up a camp here, and then completely proclaimed the island the capital of their republic. True, there is other information, but the island, which has become legendary, refuses to accept it, and it is here that the Museum of the Ukrainian Cossacks and the historical and cultural complex Zaporizhzhya Sich function.
Khortytsia influenced the work of Taras Shevchenko, Nikolai Lysenko, Ilya Repin . Maxim Gorky also visited him .
Today the island is a huge museum complex surrounded by water and rocks. Since 2005, it gained the status of a national reserve. Part of the territory is almost untouched, many plants and animals that live here are listed in the Red Book. Arboretum, equestrian theater, excellent viewing platforms complement the list for tourists. They can visit the sights or just relax on the beach, swimming, fishing and eating barbecue.
Sights of Ukraine: what else to visit while in Ukraine
If you have not planned yet what excursions in Ukraine you will order, our list will become a real lifesaver, having determined the most interesting options and settlements. We present relevant descriptions with photos, on the basis of which it will not be difficult for you to make the final choice.
11. Catholic church and monastery of Bernardine (Lviv)
The list of what to visit in Ukraine is often dominated by Lviv - a city of attractions and tourists. Among the most interesting and magnificent for the visit is the St. Andrew's Church, which became the first stone church in the city. Legend has it that the Bernardine Order arrived in the city as early as the 15th century, but for a long time, they were not allowed to build a monastery and temple so that the enemies could not penetrate the city. Then a compromise was made. War monks built a monastery of stone and allowed the walls to merge into the defensive system of the city. If necessary, they went to the walls of the city and fought shoulder to shoulder with the townspeople.
The church itself was built in 1600-1630. Architects P. Rimlyanin and A. Bemer belonged to fans of different styles, but the more interesting the result. On the facade are sculptures of four saints, inside there is a rich decoration in the Baroque style. The ceiling is painted by the famous B. Mazurkevich. Cells are attached to the north wall of the temple. Wooden details were not preserved, but most were re-made according to the exact pattern.
According to another legend, in the XVII century, Bohdan Khmelnitsky did not destroy the city only because the ghost of a monk appeared to him. A column in memory of this is still standing, though not wooden, but already stone. In 1733-1734 a bell tower was added from the south.
12. Marble Cave (Crimea, Chatyr-Dag massif)
In search of what to see in Ukraine, it is imperative to look into the Marble Cave, which is considered one of the most beautiful in Europe. Opened in 1987 and since then has become a favorite of tourists.
It is inferior in size to world monsters, reaching only two kilometers. Only half are open for safe visits. Lighting was made there, in the right places there are handrails, concrete walks were made for the convenience of visitors. The largest hall, Obvalniy, has a length of 100 m and a height of 28. Since the formation appeared in the rock of marble limestone, the name itself was determined.
The beauty of the cave is in huge stalactites and stalagmites, sap draperies, helictite flowers, recognized as unique, correlate patterns, stone altars, chandeliers, and columns. In the lower gallery is the Natural Mineralogical Museum, where select tours of 3 hours in duration are held.
There is no free entrance to the cave; 5 excursion tours are offered. It is worth preparing for a visit - take warm clothes, since the temperature there, even on the hottest day, is not more than 9 degrees Celsius. Comfortable shoes are also required because you will have to walk a lot. You will not find a similar attraction to Ukraine anywhere else.
13. Lake Sinevir (Mizhhiria, Transcarpathian region)
The decoration of the Ukrainian Carpathians is called Lake Synevyr. The cleanest fresh lake is located on the territory of the Sinevirsky Nature Reserve and covers an area of approximately 5 hectares. Scientists believe that this miracle appeared as a result of the collapse of rocks. For tourists, the main thing is to admire the exceptional beauty of this attraction of Ukraine and the purest water of mountain streams that fill the reservoir.
The depth is quite large, ranging from 4.5-24 meters, but even in the deepest place, you can see the water almost to the bottom. Thanks to this, the lake looks like a natural aquarium. When floating on a raft, you can lower your hand into the water and wait for the touch of the shyest fish in the world - trout. She, like many other species of fish, swims here in schools.
The air is not only clean but also ringing with the natural sounds of birds, animals, splashing water and rustling plants. Motorboats and loud sounds are prohibited here, so the rest will not only be pleasant, but also beneficial to health. The nervous system, hearing, and vision will be able to throw off the burden of civilization, even for a short time. Such sights of Ukraine remind a person that nature is his cradle, salvation and pure pleasure.
14. Ukrainian Carpathians (north-west of Ukraine)
The vast territory of the Ukrainian part of the Carpathians reaches 280 km in length and 50-100 km in width. Together with the territory of the foothills, it is more than 3700 square meters. km
The attraction for tourists lies in the landscape. From the Ukrainian side, the mountains are slightly lower and more convenient for climbing. But this did not affect the diversity of preserved natural resources. A huge number of large and medium-sized rivers, including Tisza, Prut, Dniester, more than 30,000 large streams allow the flora and fauna not to lack water. About 60 water points have been opened here, where you can heal with healing mineral waters, which made it possible to create balneological resorts on their basis.
The beech forests of the Ukrainian Carpathians are protected by UNESCO as an untouched natural complex. On the territory, there is a large reserve and several dozen protected natural parks, occupying 13% of the area.
There is something to see in Ukraine if you come to the Carpathians. The most popular and exotic sights include Shipot and Manyavsky waterfalls, a mud volcano in the village. Old Town, Narcissus Valley, a number of lakes.
In winter, the region turns into a ski resort of world importance, with slopes of different levels, developed infrastructure and the opportunity to get acquainted with the vibrant culture of the local population.
15. Lutsk castle (Upper Lutsk)
The hallmark of the city of Lutsk is an ancient monument of architecture, which was mentioned in the annals of 1075. In 1340-1350, stone walls were erected instead of wooden, and still, it stands in this form.
The fortress managed to repel the attacks of enemies for many centuries, including even the Mongol-Tatars. She became the cultural, political and religious center of Volyn. Tourists can look at the perfectly preserved features of the buildings since now the fortress has acquired the status of a historical museum and is protected by law as a national monument.
The whole complex of this landmark of Ukraine is built in the shape of a triangle. If you climb the Entrance Tower from the western wall, Lutsk in all its diversity will spread under your feet. Inside the tower is an exposition of paintings and engravings of antiquity and ancient maps of the area. Several exhibitions on the lower floors will introduce old versions of keys, the art of local glassblowers, and toys. In the courtyard, there is an exhibition of medieval tools.
Among the surviving buildings are parts of the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, erected 9 centuries ago. Near it is an exposition of old building material. In the Museum of Printing an exhibition of ancient books. The pride of Ukraine, a collection of bells, is also represented in Lutsk Castle. Everyone who comes to the fortress will find something that will affect his heart.
16. Park Kievan Rus
Kievan Rus Park is located just 45 minutes from the modern Kyiv - Kyiv region, Obukhov district, the village of Kopachov. The complex is not a museum or an exposition, but a real life medieval city, with its entourage inhabitants, masterpieces of architecture, delicious dishes from a fire, ancient crafts and horseback riding, incredibly spectacular medieval shows.
On the territory of more than 20 hectares, based on the knowledge of modern science, archeology and annals, the capital of the great medieval power Kievan Rus - Ancient Kyiv from the 5th to the 13th centuries is recreated. The city is being built in the size of its historical center, known as the Kyiv Detinets or the City of Vladimir. It also recreates the atmosphere and spirit of this glorious era.
Museums of historical costume, medieval music, wooden architecture, an exhibition of siege equipment, shipbuilding, and even medieval torture are waiting for guests. The Principality of Kievan Rus is the only site of its kind where large-scale historical battles are recreated in authentic historical surroundings, spectacular medieval battle championships, knightly and archery tournaments are held, armor and weapons of medieval warriors are demonstrated, and the culture, life, and atmosphere of Kievan Rus are recreated.
Official website: http://parkkyivrus.com
17. Pysanka Museum (Kolomyia)
The original European country of Ukraine, it would seem, is so close and understandable to each of us, but in the process of traveling it opens up from completely different, amazing angles. In order for the trip to Ukraine to bring maximum experience, it is worth mentioning the most significant sights of Ukraine briefly and planning an interesting route. In the Ivano-Frankivsk region, in the town of Kolomyia, you can see the world's largest Easter egg - a kind of painted construction is an Easter egg museum "Pysanka". The museum displays more than a dozen thousand exhibits - these are painted eggs from different regions of Ukraine, as well as copies from other countries - starting from Russia and Belarus, and ending with Egypt and China. A collection of Easter eggs decorated with famous people - artists, politicians,
18. The old city (Lviv)
Valuable historical and cultural sights of Ukraine are an important component of its tourism potential. Among them, it is worth highlighting the old city of Lviv - a wonderful historical monument, where you can wander along the cobblestone-paved streets as if transported over time several centuries ago. Such a walk conveys an amazing sense of comfort, which can be obtained only by walking through the area saturated with its history. In a very modest square, a large number of ancient structures are amazingly assembled - these are four large churches, three ethnic quarters, and several dozen centuries-old houses, all kinds of sculptures and even fragments of the fortress. Numerous souvenir shops, restaurants, and cafes complete the rest in the old town, where you can relax during a walk.
19. Mukachevo Castle (Mukachevo)
Among the remaining fortifications of Ukraine, it is worth highlighting Palanok - the largest castle in Transcarpathia, the date of construction of which is already not known for certain - the sources only mention that in the 11th century this citadel managed to successfully repel the attack by the troops of the Polovtsian khan. The castle has repeatedly changed its owners, and each new owner contributed to its strengthening and rebuilding. And to this day, from its 68-meter height, he proudly looks at the guests of the town of Mukachevo who want to see such an impregnable, majestic fortress. In the 50s of the last century, there was a technical school in the walls of the castle, and students lived in the barracks. And from 1989 to this day, a museum with a collection of sculptures and paintings has been operating here, there is an exposition of cultural and everyday objects of the inhabitants of Transcarpathia from the 12th to the 20th century.
20. Park Sofiyivka (Uman city)
In search of the sights of Ukraine for children, we recommend that you go to the small town of Uman, which is famous for its dendrological park Sofiyivka. This is a great place for a family vacation, where you can see all the beauty of the local nature, in all its colors and abundance. The park is located on the banks of the Kamenka River, on an area of 180 hectares, more than two hundred years ago. This example of landscape gardening art was created by the Polish count for the wife of Sofia, in whose honor he was named. To create it, a very successful, diverse landscape was chosen, with hills, ravines and large granite blocks along the banks. And today the park has a special romantic atmosphere, pleases the eye with the beauty of ponds, fountains, man-made waterfalls, sculptures. You can take a walk along the many shady alleys,
21. Pochaev Lavra (Pochaev city)
The Pochaev Assumption Lavra, or the Pochaev Monastery, is the largest temple complex in the country, which was once the main spiritual center of Western Russia. In its scale, it is today inferior only to the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. The laurel is located in the center of the town of Pochaiv, on a high hill, so its snow-white facade and casting gold domes can be seen from afar. One can only guess about the time of the foundation of the complex from scattered legends and chronicles: it is believed that the monks persecuted from the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra in the 13th century by the troops of the Mongol-Tatars fled to this region and founded a monastery here. So at first, a wooden church was erected, then the stone Holy Assumption Church grew, and in 1649 the Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Trinity appeared on a hill. Today, the Pochaev Lavra is not just an object of pilgrimage,
22. Radomysl Castle (Radomyshl city)
Mentioning the sights of northern Ukraine, it is worth noting that this region is rich in ancient buildings - monastery complexes, museums, fortresses, and other historical buildings. The Radomysl Castle Museum deserves special attention - a real medieval fortress, where everything is imbued with the spirit of antiquity. In the 17th century, a cigarette was built here - a paper mill, and the populated area of the town of Radomyshl became fortified. Later, the cigarette is destroyed, and in its place, a mill is built, which works before the start of the First World War. Later, everything turns into ruins, and only in 2007, the ruins gain a new life, the castle building again grows in its original place, preserving its authentic features. Today, within its walls you can look into the museum of Ukrainian home icon, visit the concert hall of chamber music or have a snack in the medieval refectory.
Official website: http: //www.radozamok
23. Gosprom (Kharkov)
Choosing the sights of Ukraine in winter, when hiking opportunities are limited, you can go to Kharkiv to see one of the first skyscrapers of the beginning of the last century - the house of the State Industry. This building, erected in the 20s of the last century, had an incredible height at that time - 63 meters, and along with a television tower installed on top already in the 50s, the height is even more - 108 meters. The fact is that at the beginning of the 20th century there was a question about the appointment of Kharkiv as the capital, so it was decided to erect something grand in the city center. So the Gosprom building appeared, incredible in size, made in the style of constructivism. Given that all the work was then carried out almost manually, the scale of construction was enormous - workers from all over the USSR worked in construction in 3 shifts, and in 3 years the building grew,
24. Olesko castle (Olesko village)
To this day, Ukraine carefully preserves on its lands a number of medieval castles, which were dumb witnesses to many historical events. Invariably impressive for visitors is the impregnability of fortifications and defensive fortifications. However, only a few of these buildings can boast not only their power but also the beauty, grace, and elegance of the architecture. One of such structure is the Olesko Castle, which today houses a branch of the Lviv Art Gallery with exhibits representing various areas of medieval art. Among other things, it is also the oldest castle in Ukraine, it was built over the years in the 13-14 centuries by the Galicia-Volyn princes. It is worth noting that Olesky, Zolochevsky and Podgoretsky castle are included in the popular tourist route around the Lviv,
25. Akkerman fortress (Belgorod-Dniester)
In the center of the small town of Belgorod-Dniester, located on the coast of the Dniester estuary, it is worth visiting the main symbol of the city, the largest fortress in Ukraine - Akkermanskaya. This is a huge bastion, which was built and strengthened over the years from the 13th to the 15th century. Once upon a time, there was the oldest Greek city - Thira, which occupied the most important place in the trade of the Northern Black Sea region, and to this day, excavations of the city and even a whole street with houses and water supply can be found near the fortress walls. The complex of fortifications occupies an impressive area of 9 hectares, and towers are installed on its most important strategic sites - today 26 of 34 have been preserved. On the coast itself, the most important and spectacular object rises - the citadel,
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